Publications
These completed projects contribute to national advocacy, reduction of stigma and discrimination, and raise awareness of the lived experiences of those affected by complex mental health issues.
SANE Help Centre Evaluation
The SANE Help Centre provides counselling and support to adults affected by complex mental health issues. This includes people living with complex mental health issues, their carers, family and friends, and mental health professionals.
In 2020 SANE conducted the first formal evaluation of the Help Centre, including its helpline, webchat, and email services.
Goals
The goal of the evaluation was to better understand who uses the Help Centre, why they use it, how it benefits them, and how satisfied they are with the service.
Methods
During August to September 2020, we surveyed people that had used the Help Centre in the last year (i.e., service users). We also conducted interviews to gain a deeper understanding of how service users engaged with the Help Centre.
Information captured through our routine data collection was also used to understand the reach of the Help Centre.
Acknowledgements
The study team wish to give heartfelt thanks to everyone who participated in this evaluation study, in particular the people that use and support our services.
More information
For more information about the SANE Help Centre evaluation, please contact the research team through This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
SANE Forums Evaluation
The SANE Online Community Forums (SANE Forums) involve two online communities:
- one for people living with complex mental health issues (Lived Experience Forum)
- one for those supporting someone living with complex mental health issues (Carers Forum).
Goals
The 2020 SANE Forums evaluation aimed to identify whether the SANE Forums are meeting their goals. These goals include creating strong communities, extending the reach of mental health services, and providing high quality peer support.
Methods
This study included the following:
- A review of reach and engagement data (from online tools: Khoros Community Analytics and Google Analytics)
- An online survey of people who access the Forums ('Forum Users')
- In-depth interviews with Forum Users
We collected data from Forum users in July-August 2020. We also reviewed reach and engagement data for the period July 1 2019-June 30 2020.
Acknowledgements
The study team wish to give heartfelt thanks to everyone who participated in this evaluation study.
More information
For more information about the SANE Forums evaluation, please contact the study team through This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Personality Disorder Spotlight Report
November 2017 — November 2018
Personality disorder involves pervasive and persistent patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviour that significantly deviate from cultural expectations and cause clinically significant distress or impairment.
Personality disorder, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD), is often misunderstood and stigmatised, and associated with psycho-social challenges for both those directly affected and their carers, families and supporters.
The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the needs of Australians living with personality disorder, and their carers, families and supporters. The study involved 12 semi-structured interviews and two online focus groups, involving people living with personality disorder and carers, families and supporters. Most participants described experiences related to BPD.
Team members
- Dr Michelle Blanchard
- Elise Carrotte
Expected outcomes
Improved management of, and access to, effective treatment and support services for people experiencing personality disorder.
Project Partners
This project was commissioned by the National Mental Health Commission.
Opportunities to contribute
The research phase of this project is complete. There are no further opportunities to contribute to this research.
Reports
Understanding how best to respond to the needs of Australians living with personality disorder (PDF, 967KB)
Treatment and support for personality disorder (summary) (PDF, 513KB)
Further information
Contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. for more information on this project.
Healthcare Professionals and Personality Disorders
A summary of research
This document summarises the findings of SANE’s research, and what it means for healthcare professionals – doctors, nurses, psychologists, counsellors, social workers, and other clinicians – supporting people living with personality disorder, their carers, and families.
Introduction
Personality disorder involves pervasive and persistent patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviour that can be distressing, and make daily life difficult. Around 6.5% of Australians are believed to be living with personality disorder.
Living with personality disorder can be challenging. Providing care and support for someone with personality disorder can be rewarding and life-saving. But it can also be stressful. It can be difficult for people living with personality disorder, and carers, families and other support persons, to know where to find information and how to access support. Healthcare professionals also face challenges supporting people living with personality disorder. The right support is critical for recovery and improving quality of life.
In 2018, the National Mental Health Commission (NMHC) funded SANE’s research into how best to respond to the needs of Australians living with personality disorder. That project, which is now completed, involved research with people with lived experience of personality disorder. This current, complementary study was developed to understand the perspectives of healthcare professionals.
What are the key messages of the research?
- Many healthcare professionals want to provide comprehensive, tailored, and long-term support to those who need it. Unfortunately, Australia’s mental health system does not currently meet the needs of people living with personality disorder. Changes are required to enable healthcare professionals to provide more intensive, flexible and long-term support, tailored to individual needs.
- Comprehensive personality disorder training tends to be self-driven, rather than being part of core training. More early-career education, as well as accessible and affordable training opportunities, are needed to 'upskill' healthcare professionals.
- Many healthcare professionals report a significant amount of stigma relating to personality disorder in their workplaces. They attribute this stigma to a lack of training in personality disorder, an over-focus on negative experiences, and burnout.
The research
Participants were asked questions about their experiences working with people living with personality disorder. These questions explored their attitudes, confidence, training history, and the challenges they encountered as a result of the way Australia’s mental health system is set up.
In total, 146 healthcare professionals participated in an online survey. Nine participants also completed in-depth interviews. Most participants were psychologists, mental health nurses, or social workers. Through these interviews, four themes were developed. Please note that all names have been changed.
The thriving clinician
The participants’ answers indicated that a certain type of person is drawn to working with people living with personality disorder. Healthcare professionals who thrive in this area tended to be empathetic and understanding. These ‘thriving clinicians’ sometimes had their own personal experience of living with mental illness or trauma.
When you work with clients who have really difficult life experience and really difficult experiences with services, it's really rewarding.
Rochelle*, 33, occupational therapist, provisional psychologist and rehabilitation counsellor
Word cloud of qualities participants identified as being integral.
Expertise
A number of participants were uneasy about calling themselves personality disorder ‘experts’. Their responses suggest that professionals can experience self-doubt when working with people with personality disorder. However, participants also reported improvements in their therapeutic skills as a result of this work. They became more patient and developed a better understanding of the impacts of trauma throughout a person’s life.
Training was considered critical for supporting clinicians to increase their knowledge, confidence and competence, and challenging the myths and stigma around personality disorder.
Most participants said their own university training in personality disorder was minimal. Many said this early education was insufficient in scope and the bulk of their training took place on the job later.
Many also reported accessing additional specialist training (often self-directed and self-funded). Most who attended specialist training said it was high quality and valuable.
We never feel that we know enough, so we always have to go and get more training and keep ahead of the ball.
Marcus*, 51, clinical psychologist
Cultural shift
The participants said there has been a cultural shift in personality disorder awareness and advocacy, both within Australia and internationally. Increased awareness of trauma-informed practice has resulted in a shift in how healthcare professionals approach personality disorder. This study showed a direct correlation between a healthcare professional’s level of stigma towards personality disorder and the extent of shared decision-making with a consumer. Basically, the less stigmatising health professionals were, the more open they were to engaging consumers in the decision-making processes surrounding their treatment.
Despite this shift, most participants acknowledged significant stigma still exists. The data suggests healthcare professionals may be unintentionally contributing to this stigma. Some respondents noted that negative patient experiences are the most memorable, so these are the stories that tend to be shared between colleagues or friends. If negative stories are the ones that dominate, stereotypes will continue to dominate.
Sometimes when a patient is going really well it is not something that you think about. And then when they perhaps aren’t going that well, that becomes big ... [patients] that cause you the biggest headaches are probably the ones you remember the most.
Susanna*, 32, general practitioner
A patchwork approach
Because of gaps in services, health professionals often had to ‘work the system’ and to fulfil multiple roles – sometimes outside of their clinical skillset – in order to deliver the support the person required.
Participants reported having to ‘make do’ with whatever supports and services that were available in their region – a ‘patchwork approach’. Most stated that Medicare, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), and public hospitals were not meeting the needs of those living with borderline personality disorder.
Where we are [in remote QLD], we have nothing. No homeless shelter. No GPs that bulk bill anymore. So our clients just don’t go to the doctor and then they just go to the emergency department for everything. So that’s a real frustration, I think the government brought that in. So the clients are not going to the GP, and they are not getting their scripts because they cannot afford the $30 that they have to pay. So that is a challenge.
Barbara*, 61, mental health nurse
What does this all mean?
The information provided by participants suggests that in order to support people living with personality disorder, healthcare professionals need:
- more training, earlier in their careers, to improve knowledge and reduce behaviours that could be perceived as stigmatising
- changes in the way Australia plans, designs, and funds its mental health system so they can direct their patients to the support they need, when they need it.
These types of changes are obviously dependent on the support of public services and education providers. In the meantime, health professionals looking for more information about personality disorders can refer to resources such as:
- The Project Air Treatment Guidelines for Personality Disorders
- The NHMRC Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder
- The Australian BPD Foundation
- The Australian BPD Foundation and the Mental Health Professionals’ Network’s webinar library.
*All names have been changed to protect the privacy of individuals.
Further information
Contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. for more information about this project.
Treatment of personality disorder in Primary Health Networks
The Anne Deveson Research Centre collaborated with three Primary Health Networks (PHNs) to design a stepped care model for the treatment of personality disorder which aligns with a clinical staging approach.
Project Partners
This project was made possible through a grant from the National Mental Health Commission (NMHC).
Further information
Contact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
SANE acknowledges the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as traditional custodians of the land on which it operates. We pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging, and value the rich history, unbroken culture and ongoing connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to country.
SANE values diversity. We are committed to providing a safe, culturally appropriate, and inclusive service for all people, regardless of their ethnicity, faith, disability, sexuality, or gender identity.
Help us push aside the stigma and discrimination surrounding complex mental health and change the way people talk about, and care for, mental illness.
SANE acknowledges the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as traditional custodians of the land on which it operates. We pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging, and value the rich history, unbroken culture and ongoing connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to country.
SANE values diversity. We are committed to providing a safe, culturally appropriate, and inclusive service for all people, regardless of their ethnicity, faith, disability, sexuality, or gender identity.